Organic compounds



Patented Dec. 19, 1944 Lyle Armstron Hamilton; Pitman, N. J., assignortoEJJnPontdeNemourad: mingto Company, WI]

in. M. a corporation of Delaware I No Drawlng. Application October 23, 1942, Serlal No. 463,079

2 Claims- (Cl. Mil-548) This invention relates to the preparation of unsaturated organic compounds of phosphorus.

The invention has as an obiect the provi sion of a process for thepreparation of organic phosphonic acid dichlorides having the phosphondichloride group attached to an ethylenically unsaturated. hydrocarbon radical. A further object is a process for the preparation or the corresponding acids. diesters and diamides. An. other object comprises a new class of compoundsthe alpha.beta-ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon phosphonie acid dichlorides.

Other objects will appear hereinafter.

These objects are accomplished by the following invention wherein an aliphatic compound having a hydroiwl group and a phosphonic acid (-POiHz) group attached to the same carbon, in a hydrocarbon radical. which carbon is attached to a second carbon carrying a hydrogen atom, is heated at 125-250 C. with evolution of water from the compound to form an alpha,betaethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon phosphonic acid. This is desirably purified by conversion to the phosphonic acid dichloride and reconversion to the acid by hydrolysis. The phosphonic acid dichlorides can also be converted to the diesters by reaction with alcohols and phenols or to the diamides by reaction with emmonia or amines having hydrogen on amino nitrogen.

In general, the preferred mode of operation of this invention is as follows: An alpha-hydroxyalkylphosphonic acid having at least one hydrogen atom on one of the beta carbon atoms and having two alkyl groups on the (acyclic) alpha carbon is dehydrated by heating at a temperature of l25-250 C. The lower members are best dehydrated by passing the molten acid over heated fused silica or silica gel. The product obtained, an alkene phosphonic acid, having the phosphono group on one of the doubly bonded carbons is dried by topping, i. e., heating with removal of volatiles to 100-150 C. under a pressure of 5-20 mm, and is then converted to the corresponding alkene phosphonic acid dichloride by adding portionwise, under essentially anhydrous conditions and with cooling in the initial stages, 2-2.5 moles of phosphorus pentachloride per mole of phosphonic acid. The lower membered acid chlorides, i. e., those containing up to seven carbon atoms are obtained in a high state of purity by fractional distillation under reduced pressure. For the higher homologs. i. e., compounds containing at least eight carbon atoms, it is sufllcient to heat the hydroxy acid in an open reaction vessel.

The novel alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated phosphonlc acid dichlorides of this invention may be employed in the preparation of useful organic compounds of phosphorus as follows:

(a) The dichlorides may be converted to alpha. beta ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon phosphonic acids by carefully adding the dichloride to water in a reaction vessel, preferably equipped with a mechanical agitator. The resulting solution is evaporated to dryness, the corresponding alkenephosphonic acid being obtained in a high state of purity.

(b) A solution containing two moles of an alkali aicoholate dissolved in an excess of the corresponding alcohol is placed in a reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, a sealed mechanical stirrer, and a suitable addition device. One mole of the dichloride is added slowly, with cooling and agitation, to the solution. When the addition is complete. the mixture is heated to the paint of reflux to complete the reaction, the salt Q removed by filtration, and the filtrate is fractionally distilled to obtain in pure state the corresponding phosphonic acid diester.

(c) A excess of an amine over the molecular requirement is placed in a reactor equipped with a. suitable addition device, a sealed mechanical stirrer, and a reflux condenser. The reactor is surrounded by a cooling bath and the phosphonlc acid dichloride is added to the amine slowly and with agitation. The reaction is essentially over when the" addition is complete. After the excess amine is removed by distillation, the mixture is diluted with ether and filtered to remove amine hydrochloride. The filtrate is freed from ether by distillation and the residue is distilled to obtain the pure alkenephosphon-diamide.

The practice of this invention is illustrated by the following examples, in which the parts are given by weight unless otherwise specified.

ExAurL: I

complete, as evidenced added 42 parts or phosphorus pentachioride. portionwise, and with cooling during the early stages of the addition. When the reaction is by no further evolution of gas, the mixture is distilled under reduced pressure in a still having an L-shaped tubulated column. Seven and six-tenths parts of l-pro- Exsurun l-propene-z-phosphonic acid may be obtained in crude form (62.2% purity as evidenced by bromine titration) by dehydrating the il-hydroxy-Z-propanephosphonic acid by passing steam super-heated to 100 C. through the same.

Six hundred and twenty parts of the above crude l-propene-S-phosphonic acid was heated with 2460 parts 01' thionyl chloride at 70 C. for 18 hours. On distillation at 85-93 C. at 40 mm. pressure 233 parts oi l-propene-2-phosphonic acid dichloride was obtained corresponding to 45% 01' the theoretical yield.

on heating 631 parts of the same crude 1- propene-2-phosphonic acid with 2882 parts of phosphorus pentachloride, a yield oi 287 parts, distilling at 83' C. at 30 mm. or 55% oi that theoretically possible, oi l-propene-Q-phos- Phonic acid dichloride was obtained.

Exams: DI

Five hundred and eighty-eight parts oi 18- hydroxy-la-pentatriacontanephosphonic acid is dehydrated by heating at 130-140 C. for 3 hours. The l7-pentatriacontene-l8-phosphonic acid so formed (570 parts). is an oily semi-solid at 25 C. but fluid at 35-49 C.

Analysis Calculated for Found OuHn J Bromine number 27. 7 21. 34 Acid number 196. 4 sun. 4 P 5. 44 5. 95

The alphabets-unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon phosphonic acid dichlorides or alkenephosphonic acid dichlorides 01' this invention may be converted to the acids, diestcrs or diamides by reaction with active hydrogen compounds having hydrogen on polyvalent negative inorganic elements, 1. e., water, alcohol, phenols, N-hydrogen amines, as illustrated in the following examples.

Exam-u IV One hundred and fifty-nine parts of l-propene-2-phosphonlc acid dichloride is dropped slowly into 150 parts or water, the reaction vessel being cooled externally during the addition. When the reaction is complete, as evidenced by the homogeneous nature of the solution, the solution is boiled with discolorizing carbon, filaseaeee a white, crystalline, slightly hygroscopic Analysis comma [or Found 10 OtHiOiP Exam V One hundred and fifty-four parts of metallic sodium is dissolved in 1385 parts oi methyl alcohol in a reactor equipped with reflux condenser,

sealed mechanical stirrer and addition device. The reactor is cooled to 0 C. while 512 parts of l-propene-2-phosphonic acid dichloride is added slowly with agitation to the alcohol solution. when the addition is complete, the mixture is heated to the point of reflux for one hour, neutralized by passing in dry hydrogen chloride gas, and filtered to remove the salt. The major portion of the methanol is removed by distillation, the mixture is filtered again to remove precipitated salt, and the filtrate is distilled under reduced pressure. Four hundred and twenty parts of dimethyl i-propene-2-phosphonate, boiling at 44-46" 0. at 1-2 mm. pressure. is obtained. The ester has a refractive index at 0. cl 1.4340. Analysis Calculated ior Found csHu aP 'tfifffiifffi'if. :1: 23.00 55.25 K 7.33 1.43 r 11.x 20.23 Bromine number 105. 3 101. 3

G6 Exams: VI

In an apparatus similar to that described in Example V, three hundred and eighteen parts 0! l-propene-2-phosphonic acid dichloride is slowly added to 94 parts of metallic sodium dissolved in 1375 parts of n-butanol. The mass is allowed to stand for several hours and then about one-half of thc butanol is distilled out. The sodium chloride formed is filtered from the liquid and the filtrate is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and fractionally distilled. Three h dred parts of dibutyl l-propene-Z-phosphonate is collected at 86-87 C. at a pressure or 0.25 mm. Th; refractive index at 20 C. or the product is Analysis,

Calculated for Found CuHaOeP 66 c. es. e 51.02 H ass 10.18 P 13.2.5 mes Molecni weight 234 2% Examas VII Four hundred and fifty-four parts 01 phenol and 318 parts of l-propene-ii-phosphonic acid dichloride are heated together for 24 hours, the

76 temperature being gradually raised from -80 IIJOBJ c. to a ilnal temperature oi 100' c. The silent amount or unreaeted phenol is topped from the reaction vessel at a pot temperature oi 180-180 0. at 0.4 mm. Five hundred and iirty parts of diphenvl i-propene-2-pbosphonate is obtained.

Analysis ne M lean r 6?. Q 5. 11 ll. 15 2B8 llxamrvm Three hundred and eighteen parts or i-propene-fl-phosphonic acid dichloride is added slowly with agitation and at a temperature below warmed gently to with 354 parts of ether, and filtered to remove dimethylamine hydrochloride. Two hundred and thirty-two parts oi N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-lpropene-i phosphondiamide is collected at 76-80 C. at a pressure of 2-3 mm. The refractive intie: at 20 C. of this product is 1.4735.

Analysis Calculated round CrHnNsOP 47. 7 40. Tl id 9.85 1B. 16. U P l7. 6 I7. 36 Bromine numb'er 80.8 8249 Molecular weight 170 la The dehydration may be eflected with the aid of acetic anhydride, anhydrides of volatile aliphatic earboxylic acids in general. or with ketene. Example 11: below illustrates the use of acetic anhydride.

Exnxrn IX A mixture 01' 130 parts or 2-hydroxy2-proacid and 408 parts oi acetic an- Exmnxx This example illustrates the simultaneous dehydration to the oleiine and conversion to the phosphonic acid dichloride.

A mixture of 50 parts of 2-hydroxy-2-propanephosphonic acid and 224 parts of phosphorus pentachloride is heated for two hours and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain parts or l-propene-I-phosphonic acid dichloride,

This invention is generic to the do on. by heatina at 125-250 0.. 01 aliphatic hydroxy phoephonic acids having an hydronl aroup and a phosphono group on the same carbon and on the next carbon at least one hydrogen. the remainder or the molecule being saturated acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon, and to the preparation or the corresponding aipha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated phoaphonlc acids. dichloridea. diesters and diamides. In addition to the hydroxy acids exemplified above, there may be used i-hydroxyu-butanephosphonic. S-hydroxy-ii-pentanephosphonic. 2 methyl 3 hydroxy 3 butanephosphonic, 2 methyl 3 hydroxy 3 pentanephosphonic, 2-hydroxy-2-pentanephoephonic, 2- hydroxy 2- hexanephosphonic, 2-hydroxy-2-octanephosphonic. 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-4-pentanephosphonlc. 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-4-heptanephosphonic, G-hydroxy-d-undecanephosphonic, 5- hydroxy 5 nonanephosphonic, 2,7-dimethyl-4- hydroxy-4-octanephoaphomc, 10 ethyl '7 hydroxy-'l-tetradecanephosphonic, 2-methyl-5-hydroxy 5 hexadecanephosphonic, S-ethyl-ii-hydroxy-B-tetradecanephosphonlc, 7-methyl-9-hydroxy-Q-pentadecanephosphonic, 2-methyl-4-hydroxy 4 heptadecanephosphonic, 2-methyl-4- hydroxy-4-dodecanephosphonic, 2,8,12-trimethyl-4-hydroxy-4-tridecanephosphonic, 2-methyl- 8 ethyl 5 hydroxy 5 dodecanephosphonic, fi-ethyl-B-hydroxy- -hexadecanephosphonic, 3- ethyl-B-hydroxy-G-tetradecanephosphonlc, 8.0- diethyl 6 hydroiw 6 tridecanephosphonic. B propyl 8 ethyl 5 hydroxy 5 dodecanephosphonic, Q-ethyl-5-methyl-6-hydroxy-6-trldecanephosphonic, 8 hydroxy 8 pentadecanephosphonic. 7 hydroxy 'l pentadecanephosphonic, 8 hydroxy 6 pentadecanephosphonic, 5 hydroxy 5 pentadecanephosphoni 4 hy- 40 droxy 4 pentadecanephosphonic, il-hydroxy-B- pentadecanephosphonic, 2-hydroxy-2-pentadecanephosphonic, 4-propyl-6-hydroxy-8-dodecanephosphonic, s-butyl-4-hydroxy-4-undecanephosphonic, 6-amyl-7-hydroxy-7-decanephosphonic. fi-ethyi-2-hydroxy-2-nonanephosphonic, 3-ethyl- 4 hydroxy 4 pentadecanephosphonic, Ill-hydroxy 10 nonadecanephosphonic, 2,0,10,14-tetramethyl 8 hydroxy 8 pentadecanephosphonic. 15 hydroxy 15 nonacosanephosphonic, 1z-hydroxy-IZ-tricosanephosphonic, and 5,11 diethyl 8 hydroxy 8 pentadecanehydroxyl, the phosphono. and but one alkyl group on the same carbon may be dehydrated but the carbon are preferred. aliphatic compounds are to alicyclic compounds, such as bhydroxy-l-cyclohexanephosphonic acid.

Patent 2,254,124, Conant et 43, 1928 (1921)). In those The temperature range required for dehydration varies with the starting material. The upper limit is that at which decomposition, above and beyond dehydration, takes place to such an extent that the yield oi the dehydration product is adversely affected. In many cases, appreciable dehydration will take place at temperatures considerably below the preferred limihbut the rate will be much slower and the yields low.

The method of heating may also vary widely since dehydration may be accomplished by heating in an open vessel, heating under reduced pressure or heating in solution. when a furnace is employed, as in Example I, the fused silica may be replaced by silica gel, glass rings, or substantially inert material of a particle size which presents adequate surface for reaction but does not unduly inhibit the flow of the molten acid.

The dehydration mayalso be elected by employing other agents such as acetic anhydride. thionyl chloride, phosphorus pentabromide. or phosphorus pentachloride. A useful feature of the latter three agents is that dehydration and conversion to the alkenephosphonic acid dichloride (or dibromide) are accomplished simultaneously. Inorganic acid halides of oxy acids of the iiith and sixth groups of the second full period are preferred.

It is not necessary to isolate the products of each step before proceeding to the next one. For example, the initial dehydration product, the alpha,beta-unsaturated phosphonic acid, may be converted to the acid dichloride by reaction with phosphorus entachloride; the phosphorus oxychloride which is formed may be removed by distillation, and the residue. without further puriiication, may be treated with the alkali alcoholate or amine to obtain the ester or amide, respectively.

Of the new compounds oi this invention the alpha. beta-unsaturated phosphonic acid dichlorides and dibromides of the formula wherein X is a halogen oi atomic weight between 20 and 80, R and R are hydro en or albl radicals and R is an allryl radical, are useful intermediates in the preparation of a variety of esters and amides by reaction with metal alcoholates and amines, respectively. They are generally high-boiling liquids which react vigorously with compounds having active hydrogen atoms. e. g.. water, alcohols. amines. etc.

The new alphabets-unsaturated phosphondiamides of this invention have the formula a B u B. B s

wherein R. is an allryi radical and R and R, R) and R. are hydrogen or allryl radicals and may be used as plasticizers and softening agents and for imparting improved properties to lubricating oils.

The diesters have the formula wherein R is an alkyl radical, R and R. hydrogen or albl radicals and R an allwl or aryi radical. They may be used as intermediates for furtha' chemical synthesis. e 8.. amide formation. as plasticizers. flame-retardants, and petroleum adjuvants.

s,sos,see

The diesters and dialnldes may be obtained from the acid chlorides as disclosed in'nxsmples V,VI,V1I. andvm. Inplaceofthealcoholsof Examples V and VI there may be employed any alcohol including monohydric and ll lyhydric aliphatic alcohols, cycloaliphatic alcohols, ether alcohols, and araliphatic alcohols, including ethanol, stearyl alcohol, ethylene glycol. cyclohexanol, methoxyethanol. and bensyi alcohoL In place of the phenol of Example VII! there may be employed any phenol including ll lrhydric phenols and polynuclear phenols, including cresol, resci-cinol, hydroquinone. and beta-naphthol.

These may be employed instead 0! the amine of Example VIII ammonia or any amine containing at least one hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen including aliphatic amines and diamines,

alicyclic amines, aromatic amines, and araliphatic amines, including diethylamine, metbylamine.

dodecylamine. hexamethylenediamine. cyclone:-

ylamine, aniline, and bensylamine. Thus. there may be prepared the following amides:

NJ-T,N',N'- tetraethyll -prcpene-2-phosphondiamide 1-propene-2-phosphondiamide N.N'-dimethyll-propene-z-phosphondiamide N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-2-pentene 3 phosphoridiamide N,N,N.N"- tetramethyl-l-pentadecene 8 phosphondiamide N,N,N'.N tetrahenzyl-l-propene-z-phosphondiamide KN -dlmethyl-N.N'-diphenyl-2-pentene-3 -phosphondiamide l'l-pentatriacontene-lii-phosphcndiamide N,N'- didbdecyl-dj-dlmethyl-S-heptene-d-phos phondiamide N.N'-dicyclchexyl-2-pentene-8-phosphondiamide 9-nonadecene-10-phosphondianillde In place of the particular alphabets-ethylenically unsaturated phosphondichloride of Examples V and VII, there may be employed any of the alphmbeta-ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic phosphondichlorides or this invention ineluding:

z-pentene-il-phosphonic dichloride J 2,6-dimethyl-3-heptene-4-phosphonic dichloride Q-nonene-B-phosphonlc dichloride 5-undeoene-6-phosphomc dichloride z-methyl-fl-butene-s-phosphonlc dichloride 'I-pentadecene-8-phosphonic dichloride 5,11-diethyi-l-pentadecene 8 phosphonlc chloride 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl 'i pentadecene 8 phosphonic dichloride il-nonadecene-iil phosphonic dichloride ll-tricosene-lZ-phosphonic dichloride i'l-pentatriacontenc-lii-phosphonic dichloride Certain of the products; e. 3., the esters and amides are generally useful for imparting improvedpropertiestoiubricaflngoils. Theyalso have value as-plasticizers. The long chain acids andtheirsaltsioamreadilyinsolutionanddisplay detergent action. The acids also have value as flame-proofing agents. A preierred embodiment is the process for Marin: l-propene-2- phosphonic acid.

by heating d-hydroly-fl-propanephosphonic acid at a temperature oi 179450 0. Another preferred embodimentisaproeessforpreparing 1'!- pentatriacontene-lB-phosphonic acid by heating ls-hydroxy- IB-Dentatrlacontane-phosphonic acid at a temperature of 130-140 C.

The above description and examples are intended to be illustrative only. Any modification 5 of or variation therefrom which conforms to the spirit of the invention is intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

ORRTIFI GATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2565, 466.

December 19, 191th.

HIE ARMSTRONG HAMILTON.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, first column, line 75, Example IV, for "discolorizing" reed --deoo1orizing--; pageh, second column, line 1+3, for "VII" read --VIII--; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record ed the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 20th day day of March, A. D. 1911-5.

Leslie Frazer Acting Camissioner of Patents.

pentatriacontene-lB-phosphonic acid by heating ls-hydroxy- IB-Dentatrlacontane-phosphonic acid at a temperature of 130-140 C.

The above description and examples are intended to be illustrative only. Any modification 5 of or variation therefrom which conforms to the spirit of the invention is intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

ORRTIFI GATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2565, 466.

December 19, 191th.

HIE ARMSTRONG HAMILTON.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, first column, line 75, Example IV, for "discolorizing" reed --deoo1orizing--; pageh, second column, line 1+3, for "VII" read --VIII--; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record ed the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 20th day day of March, A. D. 1911-5.

Leslie Frazer Acting Camissioner of Patents. 

